Exploratory research

Exploratory examination Exploratory Exploratory examination is normally done when issue isn't all around distinguished or it has not been obviously characterized up 'til now, or its genuine scale is so far hazy. It permits the exploration individual to gather the data however much as could be expected identifying with a particular issue. Exploratory examination finishes up the best exploration structure, information assortment methodtechnique and selectionchoice of subjects, and at times it even concludesconcluderesults that the issue doesn't existbe present. Exploratory examination is very informalcasual, when it depending on auxiliary investigates, for example, auditing accessible writing, information, or subjective methodologies, for example, casual conversations with consumerscustomers, workers, the board or competitorscompetitoropponents, and progressively formal methodologies through in-depthin profundity interviews, center gatherings, projective techniques, contextual analyses or pilot considers (Yin, 1994). Logical This is an exploration type in which the essential goalobjective is to comprehend the naturetemperament or systems of the connection between the free and ward variable. This methodology is utilized when its is important to show that one variable causescauses or decides closes the estimation of other variable. This exploration is acceptable to utilize when there is no clearunambiguous worry about what model that ought to be utilized and what characteristics and relations that is importantsignificant (Zikmund, 1994). Engaging Engaging exploration is utilized to obtainget data concerning the currentpresent status of the wonders to describeexplain what exists as for factors or conditions in a situationstate. Spellbinding exploration is utilized when the objectivegoal is to give an orderly portrayal defination that is as real and accurateexact as could be expected under the circumstances or when the issue is well structuredordered and there is no intentionobjective to investigatestudy cause/impact connection. It provideprovidess you the quantity of occurrencestimes something occurshappens, or recurrence, loans drives itself to factual calculationscalculationcomputation, for example, deciding figuring the normal number of events or focal propensities (Yin, 1994). One of its significant limitationsrestrictions is that it can not help determineconclude what causes a particular event, conduct, or inspiration or event. We can say thatIn different words, it can't establishcreate a causal examination relationship betweenamong factors. My examination reason and examination question uncover that this investigation is mainlyfor the most part exploratory. It is exploratory on the grounds that the information has been gathered through polls and unstructured meetings and surveys to investigate the issues that impact Pakistani people group expectations to embrace Internet banking administrations. Exploration Approach There are two essential sorts of exploration draws near, subjective and quantitative. In the quantitative methodology, resultsoutcomes depend on numbers and insights and numbers that are introduced in figures, while in the subjective methodology where spotlight lies on portraying an eventoccurrence with the utilization of words. Despite the fact that this examination on selection of Internet banking administrations reception in Pakistan isn't broad when contrasted with discussiondebate of the advantages, the vast majority of the ideas in this investigation have been occasionallyrarely analyzed previously, yet mostlygenerally in the western setting. Just a littleslight research covers typically Singapore, Hong Kong or China, which are exceptionally evolved economies and not representativeenvoys of every Asian nation. Thusso to increase further comprehension of the issues in the Pakistani setting, this exploration is led as a subjective report to investigate the view of web banking in Pakistani people group. The Usinge of this methodology gives more extravagant and legal detailsparticulars to investigating perspectives in the beginning time of examination. Thus the aimintend isn't to make any rearrangements, yet rather establishset up a closer contact with the targets of priorpreceding research, which intendhave it as a main priority to give us a more profound comprehension of the members perspectives and recognitions. At long last my intentionobjective with this exploration is to depict, and investigate, and find total and nitty gritty data about the issues of Internet banking reception in Pakistan, so quantitative subjective methodology is the most reasonable technique for my examination. Examination Strategy Examination methodology is a generalbroad plan which shows that where wayhow this exploration will go on, and how analyst individual will addresses the inquiries that has been set by the individual directing the scientist. It will containhave clear destinations, got from research question that determine the source from which scientist individual intendbe going to gather information and consider the constraintsconstraintlimitations that exploration peopleers will unavoidably have, for example, access to information like , time, area and cash, moral issues (saunders, 2000). Subjective exploration can be conductedconductcarried out utilizing severalquite a couple of techniques including: contextual investigation, tests, overviews, narratives, and examination of recorded data (Yin, 1994). Following are the short descriptionexplanation of over five examination methodologies: Contextual analysis Contextual analysis alludes to the assortment and introduction of detailedthorough data about a particularspecific member or little gathering of members. A contextual analysis is a composed descriptionexplanation of an issue or circumstance and typicallynormally inspects the transaction of all factors all together tofor providinge ass complete a comprehension of an occasion or circumstance as could reasonably be expected. Contextual analysis is preferredideal when the specialist has littleslight power over the occasions, and when there is a contemporaryup to date center inside a genuine setting. The purposerationale of a contextual investigation is to put members in the job of leaders, asking them to distinguishdifferentiate applicable from insignificant realities, to recognize focal choices among severalnumerous issues going after consideration, and to formulateprepare systems and strategy suggestions (Yin, 1994). Trials The exploratory strategy includes controlling one variable to determinedecide if changes in a single variable causeground changes in another variable. This technique reliesdepends on controlled strategies, arbitrary task, and the control of factors to test a theory. This procedure is utilized when the scientist individual need to comparecontrast two factors and analyze their circumstances and logical results connections (Malhorta, 1996). Review Its an exploration strategy where data is collectinged by interviews with a largehuge number of respondents utilizing a pre-structured survey (Zikmund, 1994). This exploration method has three significant qualities: Reason: The motivation behind study research is to produce quantitative portrayals of certain qualities of the populace in study. Study examination might be for the most part related either with relationship between factors or with anticipating results graphically to a pre-characterized populace (Yin, 1994). Fundamentally Survey research is a quantitative methodology, calling for normalized data about or potentially from the subjects being contemplated. The subjects under examination may be people, gatherings, associations or networks; they likewise may be activities, applications, or frameworks. Method: The most significant method of gathering data is by bringing up individuals organized and predefined issues. Answers of inquiries given by individuals, which may allude to themselves or some other unit of examination, includes the information to be dissected (Yin, 1994). Examinations: Information is typically gathered about just a segment of the populace under investigation, yet data is gathered so as to have the option to take a wide view the entire populace. As a rule, the example is sufficiently enormous to permit expansive factual investigations. History This strategy is manages the past, and is in utilized when none of the relevantconcerning people are alive to meeting or report (Yin, 1994). This strategy is specificallyspecially used to depict the substance, structure and capacity of the information which gathered for the examination. Investigation of Archival Information The reason for this techniquemethod is to describeexplain the occurrence or prevalencepervasiveness of a wonder (Zikmund, 1994). The utilization of the authentic data is troublesome when this point is coming examination zone. The accompanying table displaysdisplaydemonstrates the conditions that should be tended to while determiningshaping on a methodology. Most importantsignificantconsiderable condition for choosing research procedure is to identifycategorize the kind of examination question being inquired. In light of the examination question what that I set for this exploration, I have decided to follow contextual investigation and review research technique, since this exploration isn't dependentreliant on a solitary basic, extraordinary, uniqueexclusive or impactful case. Test Selection Examining is an overview based exploration where analyst people needs to break down the example about a populace toin request to respond to the examination questions or meetmeetsfulfill meet the examination targets (Saunders, 2000). When the issue has been carefullyvigilantly characterized, the scientist individual needs to establishset up the example that will outlinesketch out the examination to be completed. It is vital for specialist individual to unmistakably characterize the objective populace from whom the particular example will be taken. Examining is importantsignificant if spending cost and time limitations preventstops research from reviewing the whole populace. Test gives more elevated level of exactness and quick precise outcome. Once in a while, the entire populace will be adequatelysufficiently little, and the exploration individual can assess the whole populace in the investigation. This sort of examination is named an evaluation concentrate since information is coll

Effects of the Social Networking Sites to the Study Habits of the 4th year High School Students Essay

Part 1 Presentation These days, innovation is as of now assuming control over the world. They use innovation in various manners. It is a major assistance particularly in conveying. Long range informal communication destinations are results of innovation and furthermore one method of speaking with one another. Everybody is attached to utilizing interpersonal interaction destinations. They think about it as a piece of our every day lives. They love sharing pictures, communicating our emotions and musings, and blogging about new things. Nearly everybody utilizes Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Instagram and some more. They appreciate utilizing them particularly young people. They share nearly all that they do and express their inferred musings, thoughts and feelings. Be that as it may, does their compulsion in utilizing these long range interpersonal communication destinations despite everything benefits them? They can say that long range interpersonal communication locales are acceptable innovations as far as interfacing and mingling however young people who are partial to utilizing these can’t appear to get enough. Some of them or MOST of them positively utilize these sometimes. It is extremely amusing that they despite everything have the opportunity to partake in long range informal communication locales that they have huge amounts of home works and tests rather than simply investing their energy in considering and doing their school works. For the fourth year understudies, they truly need to make some great memories the executives since they have to suggest the prerequisites they are committed to do so as to move on from secondary school. They should be dependable in partitioning our time in numerous things however why that they can e ven now discover time to utilize these long range informal communication destinations? Do these informal communication destinations as of now influence their investigation propensities? Theâ researchers need to know whether these long range interpersonal communication destinations influence the investigation propensities for the fourth year understudies and how might they keep up great examination propensities without being diverted. We additionally needed to know whether these interpersonal interaction locales can help them in their method of considering. This investigation is led to know the great and awful impacts of long range informal communication destinations to the understudies and to realize how to improve and forestall it. Foundation of the Problem One of the commitments of the youngsters is to examine. Their job is to turn into a dedicated understudy and a decent youngster to their folks. As understudies, they are required to give their best in their examinations to have passing marks. Their folks give each exertion they can provide for send their youngsters in school with a top notch instruction. These days, there are a great deal of routes in improving the method of teaching the understudies. Innovation is one of those. Innovation like web can assist with widening the information on an understudy and makes it simpler for them to concentrate however innovation can likewise be an explanation behind the understudies to restrict their insight in what they can get from here. Web is the best and least demanding commitment of innovation as far as imparting, exploring and examining. These in only a single tick. Web can't just assistance the understudies in doing their home works and looks into yet in addition in conveying and mingling. There are a great deal of sites utilized by the young people to mingle. These sites are called Social systems administration locales. In these locales, they can talk with their companions and offer photographs and considerations with them. These locales are likewise utilized in publicizing items that can be valuable for the understudies. These locales are a decent creation however they additionally have hindrances to the individuals particularly to the understudies. Great examination propensities are significant in keeping up passing marks in school however understudies will in general abuse these long range interpersonal communication locales which limit their time in considering. They were relied upon to invest more energy in concentrating but since of these long range informal communication destinations they will in general be occupied. They invested the vast majority of their energy in utilizing their long range interpersonal communication destinations and decrease their time in contemplating. As time passes by, the circumstances are deteriorating. There may go to a point where understudies will simply utilize their long range informal communication locales as opposed to considering which may prompt a more concerning issue like influencing their evaluations and method of learning. It might cause theirâ laziness and rebelliousness in their subjects. These issues may prompt the awful scholastic exhibition. Explanation of the Problem The specialist fundamentally planned to know how the systems administration destinations influence the examination propensities for the fourth year understudies in Divine Light Academy. This investigation is purposively directed to know the points of interest and inconveniences of the long range interpersonal communication destinations to the graduating understudies and their method of examining. In particular, this investigation should address the accompanying inquiries: 1. Previously, understudies used to think with there concentrates yet since long range interpersonal communication locales are developed, how can they invest their energy regarding examining? 2. The understudies are attached to utilizing the web to achieve their school works effectively however web additionally permits them to utilize person to person communication destinations, Can they concentrate with their school works while utilizing informal communication locales simultaneously? 3. Great examination propensities are kept up by the understudies with the feeling of control and great time the executives shockingly, they became fanatics of interpersonal interaction locales would they be able to at present have great investigation propensities notwithstanding of their persistent utilization of person to person communication destinations? Speculation Invalid Hypothesis 1. The fourth year understudies of Divine Light Academy are investing such a great amount of energy in utilizing long range informal communication destinations. 2. They invest less energy in contemplating. 3. They have poor investigation propensities and time the board. Operational Hypothesis 1. The fourth year understudies of Divine Light Academy invest less energy in considering when they are utilizing person to person communication locales 2. They are utilized of getting their work done and examines while utilizing their long range informal communication locales. 3. They can’t concentrate when they are utilizing long range informal communication locales while examining and they can have better examination propensities without these destinations Conceptual Framework Fig.1 Effects of the Social Networking Sites to the Study Habit Input * How understudies invest their energy every day in wording of Studying and Using Social systems administration locales? * Do they utilize long range interpersonal communication destinations while doing assignments, particularly when doing looks into? * Can they pack in getting their work done without keeping an eye on their web journals or different locales? * In what way would they be able to keep up great examination propensities? With the utilization of long range interpersonal communication locales or without the utilization of long range interpersonal communication locales? * What do they do first once they open a PC to do an exploration or schoolwork? Procedure * Observing their presentation in class and in the event that they can go along to the prerequisites * required in their subjects. * Asking about their investigation propensities and their utilization of person to person communication locales. * Interviewing them about their day by day schedule and their method of adjusting their studiesand their utilization of long range interpersonal communication locales. * Giving surveys to the respondents to accumulate information. Yield * By essentially watching, the analyst will know whether the student’s execution is fulfilling or not. * By getting some information about their investigation propensities, the scientist will know the motivation behind why their class execution is fulfilling or not. * They would feel and realize that they have to * improve their examination propensities and stay away from or diminish the interruption. * The absence of study propensities can be change with * the polls that are given to them. Meaning of Terms 1. Scholarly Performance-the reason for your general evaluations. 2. Blogging-is a method of sharing remarks, conclusions or articles in web 3. Conveying is to bestow; to uncover or to share 4. Day by day Routine-is a lot of things you do in your regular day to day existence. 5. Instruction is the efficient preparing of good and scholarly resources. 6. Facebook-is a person to person communication site wherein you can include new companions, talk and offer pictures and remarks. 7. Instagram-is a long range informal communication site wherein you can share any photograph and video you need. 8. Jobs is the capacity or part. 9. Long range informal communication destinations are the sites wherein you can associate with others. 10. Mingling is to render socially 11. Understudies the recipients and the ones who assimilate all the things that the instructors are instructing. 12. Study propensities is the demonstration of securing information or use of the brain in a typical or standard time. 13. Young people youth with somewhere in the range of 13 and 19 said old enough. 14. Time Management-this is the expertise to deal with your opportunity to complete the things that you needed to achieve. 15. Tumblr-a person to person communication webpage wherein you can blog any photograph, video, cites or even an article about any subject you need. 16. Twitter-you can share or tweet (as what term utilized in that site) about anything utilizing 140 characters in particular. 17. Sites the pages you utilized when your utilizing web Hypothetical Framework Previously, understudies used to think with there concentrates however since long range informal communication destinations are designed their time is isolated in utilizing person to person communication locales and concentrating every day. They may invest more energy in utilizing informal communication locales than contemplating or they may do it the opposite way around. The understudies are enamored with utilizing the web to achieve their school works effectively however web additionally permits them to utilize person to person communication locales while doing their assignments and when they’re doing investigates. Would they be able to complete their school works without checking their online journals or different destinations? Great examination propensities are kept up by the understudies with the feeling of order and great time the board tragically, they became devotees of informal communication locales would they be able to in any case have great investigation propensiti es notwithstanding of their constant utilization of long range interpersonal communication destinations? By watching and getting some information about their investigations and day by day schedule, we can know whether their examinations are influenced by their dependence of person to person communication locales. We can watch on the off chance that they are doing admirably in their group and on the off chance that they can think to their examinations without being diverted. By basically watching, the analyst will know whether the student’s execution is fulfilling or not. The analyst can decipher the d

23 Of The Best Divorce Books For Healing, Support, And Guidance

23 Of The Best Divorce Books For Healing, Support, And Guidance Youve done therapy, youve (hopefully) talked about your feelings together. Your relationship is over, one way or another, and theres only one thing left to deal with: your marriage. Amicable or not, youll need to cut those ties that bind before you get  on with living your best life. For that, youll need some sage advice from the best divorce books out there. Heres a reading list to get you started. (Afterward, head over and check out our best feminist divorcée reads!) Most of the divorce literature out there seems to be geared toward women. Furthermore, it appears to be dominated by white authors writing to the concerns of white communities. While I only found a few authors of color writing about this topic, I hope there are more. I included those that I could find on this list. Likewise, theres almost nothing current about LGBTQ divorce. Im going to go ahead and assume that its just because were so blamed awesome. Otherwise, it means that same-sex marriage hasnt been legal long enough to spawn a niche rainbow divorce industry. These books are all geared toward adults whose relationship has dissolved, is dissolving, or really ought to dissolve. If you need to talk to kids about divorce, we have a reading list for that, too. Teens might want to read on their own. Weve got that covered, too. Divorce Books With Guidance and Advice 1. The African-American Guide to Divorce Drama: Breaking Up Without Breaking Down  by Lester L. Barclay The author of this book is a matrimonial lawyer. He covers the particular considerations of divorce in the Black community, including social, familial, personal, and legal aspects. 2. The Breakup Bible: The Smart Womans Guide to Healing from a Breakup or Divorce  by Rachel Sussman This book, authored by a mental health counselor, provides you with resources for moving past your divorce emotionally. That said, it also touches upon topics like co-parenting with your ex in an emotionally healthy way. Its most helpful if you were the dumpee rather than the dumper. 3. Conscious Uncoupling: 5 Steps to Living Happily Even After  by Katherine Woodward Thomas A lot of books about emotionally handling divorce focus on women. Not this book! There are pearls of wisdom here for everybody. Its particularly good at helping you identify your relationship patterns. Like our previous book, this one stresses the well-being of any children that you and your ex might have together. 4. Fair Share Divorce for Women: The Definitive Guide to Creating a Winning Solution  by Kathleen A. Miller Lets face it: your divorce is going to get financially sticky. This book contains some solid advice from a CPA who knows her way around a settlement. As the title suggests, this book is most relevant to women. 5. Getting Past Your Breakup: How to Turn a Devastating Loss into the Best Thing That Ever Happened to You by Susan J. Elliott If youve ever been in a breakup before, then you already know how hard it is to stop texting, calling, and otherwise contacting the person in whose life you were intimately entangled. If youre struggling to detach, Susan Elliot might have some good advice for you. 6. Its Called A Breakup Because Its Broken: The Smart Girls Break-Up Buddy by Greg Behrendt and Amiira Ruotola The author of Hes Just Not That Into You and his wife want you to throw that pity party. Feel your feelings! Then, seek clarity about your relationship and its true relationship to your happiness. Not everything needs to be fixed. Theres some tough love here, but funny anecdotes take the sting out. 7. Sacred Cows: The Truth About Divorce and Marriage by Danielle Teller and Astro Teller There are a lot of myths about divorce out there. The Tellers, a married pair themselves, explode a lot of them in this book. A playful tone lightens the heavy subject matter somewhat. 8. Splitting: Protecting Yourself While Divorcing Someone with Borderline or Narcissistic Personality Disorder  by Randi Kreger and Bill Eddy Whether or not your ex has been formally diagnosed, this book has some good advice for breaking up with high-conflict people. If you worry about your spouses reaction to a divorce request, this might be a good book to review before you broach the subject. 9. The Storms Cant Hurt the Sky: The Buddhist Path through Divorce by Gabriel Cohen Mixing memoir with advice, this is a unique guide to spiritual balance during tough times. Bonus: Cohen recommends several other useful books about Buddhism for readers who want to explore further. 10. Too Good to Leave, Too Bad to Stay: A Step-by-Step Guide to Help You Decide Whether to Stay In or Get Out of Your Relationship by Mira Kirschenbaum Its not unusual to teeter on the brink of divorce, sometimes for years. If this is your situation, do yourself the favor of reading this book. Its a neutral tool for relationship assessment, but can give you the validation you need to make a decision if youre wavering. 11. Uncoupling: How to Survive and Thrive After Breakup and Divorce by Sara Davison Heres a book that will normalize the many challenges of divorce for people who are feeling unsure about whats normal. Davison is a life coach who draws in part upon her own divorce for reference. Divorce Books About Parenting 12. Parenting through Divorce: Helping Your Children Thrive During and After the Split  by Lisa Rene Reynolds, PhD There are a few reactions that you can probably expect from your kids when you announce your divorce. The object of this book is to prepare you to handle those in a healthy way. 13. A Parents Guide to Divorce: How to Raise Happy, Resilient Kids Through Turbulent Times  by Karen Becker Addressing the needs of all age groups, this book is particularly good at addressing specifics. For example, it gives good tips about handling holidays. 14. Talking to Children About Divorce: A Parents Guide to Healthy Communication at Each Stage of Divorce by Jean McBride Any parent who is in the process of divorcing needs to be ready to field questions and head off misconceptions that their kids might or might not voice. A lot of the communication advice in this book could also apply to other difficult conversations. Divorce Memoirs 15. Aftermath: On Marriage and Separation by Rachel Cusk Cusk struggled when her marriage of ten years fell apart. She presents herself with all of her flaws intact in this memoir of divorce and motherhood. 16. A Beautiful, Terrible Thing by Jen Waite Upon discovering that her husband has been massively unfaithful, Waite embarks upon the difficult process of emotionally recovering and escaping from her marriage. 17. Falling Apart in One Piece: One Optimists Journey Through the Hell of Divorce by Stacy Morrison Morrisons husband walked out when she least expected it, leaving her with a new house, a new baby, and a new perspective on life. 18. Happens Every Day: An All-Too-True Story  by Isabel Gillies With candid honesty, Gillies discusses the sacrifices she made for a marriage that quickly fell apart. This book avoids self-pity in favor of mindful positivity. 19. How Divorce Became My Deliverance, edited by Elona Washington This collection of essays by divorced Black women offers a positive long view on separation. Its an encouraging collection edited by a prominent publisher and guest blogger for Huffpost. 20. How to Sleep Alone in a King-Size Bed: A Memoir of Starting Over by Theo Pauline Nestor Divorce pushed Nestor out of her stable middle-class existence and into single motherhood. After throwing out her gambling-addicted husband, she finds the way forward by exploring her familys past, while keeping her children foremost in her mind. 21. I Am Nujood, Age 10 And Divorced by Nujood Ali Nujoods experience departs significantly from the others on this list. A child bride to an abuser in Yemen, she obtained her freedom after a heartbreaking struggle. 22. Split: A Memoir Of Divorce by Suzanne Finnamore Ignoring signs of her husbands infidelity didnt save Finnamores marriage. However, moving on from her subsequent divorce did make her a stronger person. 23. Were Still Family: What Grown Children Have to Say About Their Parents Divorce  by Constance Ahrons The specter of ruined childhood haunts many divorcees, but it might not be entirely valid. This collection of short essays by the children of divorce suggests not only that positive outcomes are possible, but that kids can join their parents in moving through divorce resiliently. Hit the comments to share your picks for the best divorce books.

4 Types and Examples of Chemical Weathering

Legalization Of Prostitution The United States From The...

Prostitution has underlyingly lingered in the history of the United States from the beginning of English settlements. In the industrial times, five percent of the population of women working were prostitutes. During the migration to the West, prostitutes were the majority- if not the only women in boom towns. Not until 1875, were there any laws officially banning prostitution. The Page law was created when Chinese immigrant women become prostitutes or second wives to European men. The law banned immigrant women from immoral purposes. Moving further in time, in 1949, a United Nations convention met in the purpose for the decriminalization of prostitution. Forty-eight countries decided to endorse it, the United States voted against it. Sex workers are fighters. They aren t young girls begging in a freezing Dickensian fog; they aren t Pretty Women looking for Prince Charming; they aren t victimized teenage runaways exploited by savage pimps; they don t have golden hearts; and they aren t crack hos neglecting their babies to find a fix. They aren t American or Jamaican gigolos looking to fleece middle-aged women or gay hustlers cruising for sugar daddies. And some sex workers may look like these stereotypes, yet they are fighters too.† (Chateauvert 1). In our lifetime we have seen those fight for gay marriage and legalization of marijuana. Despite the controversy and personal moral issues, prostitution should also be legalized in the United States. Just as MarijuanaShow MoreRelatedGlobalization and Indigenous Peoples2929 Words   |  12 Pagesindigenous people, but generally indigenous people are those that have historically belonged to a particular region or country, before its colonization or transformation into a nation state. They often have distinct cultural, linguistic, traditional, and other characteristics to those of the dominant culture of that region or state. There are approximately 370 million indigenous people among 70 countries, worldwide. It is about 6% of the world population. These indigenous people are predominantly subsistence-basedRead MoreAmerican Civil Rights Movement Essay15820 Words   |  64 Pagesmelodramas, he shot comedies, historical films, thrillers, westerns, filmings of Bible and different works of literature. Before 1913 there existed an opinion, that the spectator can not watch the film longer than 15 minutes. He shot a film Yudif from Betulia in 4 parts. It lasted 42 minutes. There was a great scandal at the studio because of this film duration, after it Griffith left American Biography and began his work at full-length film Birth of Nation. It appeared on screens in 1915.

Awareness and Adoption of E Banking in Pakistan Free Essays

Abstract: This study aims to understand customers’ perception towards adoption and awareness of electronic banking in Pakistan. The outcomes would help the policy makers to develop effective strategies for future outlook of electronic banking in a country. The results suggest that banks’ customers in Pakistan perceive electronic banking as a tool for minimizing inconvenience, minimizing risk of carrying cash and time saving. We will write a custom essay sample on Awareness and Adoption of E Banking in Pakistan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Customers further believe that electronic banking increases chances of government access to public data, increases chances of fraud and data losses. It reduces cost and save our precious time. There are also some limitations of e-banking as it requires skills to operate it and passwords can be hacked. This research paper discussed that people of Pakistan are well aware of electronic banking but they are not satisfied with the services provided by the bank and they also feel risk in that service that’s why they trust more on employees. It contains different demographics and their association with research questions. The results conclude that various customers segments do not differ in opinions towards benefits and risks associated with e-banking. This paper also includes recommendations in which it describes that what strategies the banks should choose to increase the satisfaction of customers Keywords: electronic banking; e-banking; customers’ perception; adoption; Pakistan, e-banking in Pakistan, e-banking, SMS banking, ATM I. INTRODUCTION The developments taking place in information and communication technology are increasing competition in financial institutions worldwide. Development of electronic distribution channels in financial industry has completely transformed the traditional bank–customer relationship in recent years. It has reduced personal contacts between the service providers and the customers (Barnes and Howlett, 1998). The scenario is further changed with increased competition among banks and non-bank financial institutions (Zineldin, 1996). Thus an enhanced understanding of why some people adopt one distributional channel and others do not, alongside an identification of the factors that may influence this decision is vital to investigate (Patricio, 2003). Thus, the deployment of advanced technologies is essential to achieve a competitive edge. In the world of banking, the development of information technology has an enormous effect on development of more flexible payments methods and more-user friendly banking services. Recently, the banking industry was highly affected by the technology evolution that transformed the way banks deliver their services, using technologies such as automated teller machines, phones, the Internet, credit cards, and electronic cash. In line with global trends, electronic banking in Pakistan has been undergoing many changes. Electronic banking is a term for the process by which a customer may perform banking transactions electronically without visiting a brick-and-mortar institution. Electronic banking refers to systems that enable bank customers to access accounts and general information on bank products and services through a personal computer (PC) or other intelligent device. There are many benefits of e-banking as it provides easy way to monitor an account, we can shop, pay bills, buy items at auction, and transfer money from anywhere at any time, it reduces costs, it saves time, and vice versa. Objectives This study focuses on awareness and adoption of electronic banking in Pakistan. Our objectives of this research were to: 1. Check awareness of electronic banking in Pakistan. 2. Check why people are not aware of electronic banking. 3. Know if the people are aware of electronic banking then to how much extent. 4. Check whether banks of Pakistan are providing electronic banking or not. 5. To find the critical attributes that customers expect important while using electronic banking. 6. To find the key variables that affect customers’ evaluations towards risk associated with electronic banking. 7. To understand the relationship between demographic characteristics of customers and their perceptions towards electronic banking. 8. To present results and implications which are insightful to researchers and banks interested in electronic banking. This research is important because it tells bankers that how much people in Pakistan are aware of and adopt the electronic banking and to how much extend. It also tells them to improve their e-banking services in Pakistan. Electronic banking in Pakistan State-owned banks dominated the Pakistani financial market before 1990. The government introduced economic liberalization policies in 1991 when two smaller banks, Muslim Commercial Bank and Allied Bank were privatized. Since then, the government continuously advocated the privatization of existing state-owned enterprises and encouraged the private and foreign banks to setup their businesses in the country. Recent acquisition of locally owned Union Bank by Standard Chartered Bank indicates foreign interest in domestic financial market. According to State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) annual report (2005), there were 35 commercial banks, including 16 private banks (with 797 branches), 11 foreign banks (with 82 branches), 4 privatized banks (with 4,141 branches) and 4 public banks (with 1,543 branches), respectively. Electronic banking is an innovation in the series of technological wonders. Automated teller machine (ATM), telephone banking, internet banking, credit cards and debit cards, etc. have emerged as effective delivery channels for traditional banking products. In Pakistan, foreign banks took a lead by introducing ATM and credit cards in mid-1990s followed by domestic banks in late 1990s. Annual Report of SBP (2003, p. 110) explained this delay in electronic banking largely by regulatory hurdles, higher startup costs, an ongoing banking sectors reforms and lack of technical skills. The government also introduced Electronic Transaction Ordinance in 2002. This ordinance provides legal recognition to digital signatures and documentation. Thus reducing the risks associated with the use of electronic medium of business. At present, almost all commercial banks in Pakistan have setup their ATM networks, issuing debit and credit cards and have joined one of the two operating ATM Switch Networks. According to Kolachi (2006) Pakistani banks provide the following online banking services and products. 1. Enquiry, account statement enquiry, account balance enquiry, check statement enquiry, fixed deposit enquiry 2. Payment, funds transfer, credit card payments, direct payments, utility bills payments 3. Request, checkbook request, stop payment request, demand draft request, new fixed deposit request 4. Download, customer profile, statement download, other information and guidelines downloads. 4 Literature review Consumers’ perceptions towards adoption of electronic banking have attracted many researchers in recent years. Thornton and White (2001) who compared seven distribution electronic channels available for banks in US concluded that customers’ orientation such as convenience, service, technology change, knowledge about computing and availability of internet affected the usage of different channels. According to Hagel and Hewlin (1997) the Internet banking became very attractive to customers and lots of banks because the technology is being accepted by them and they can now understand and have information about the complex products. Nowadays banks are also facing a lot of competition and need a high market share and provide better services to its customers so that they can attract the new customers and old customers do not try to leave them. Howcroft et al. 2002) found that the most important factors that have encouraged consumers to use online banking are lower fees followed by reducing paper work and human error which subsequently minimize the human disputes (Kiang et al. , 2000). Byers and Lederer, (2001 ) concluded that it was changing consumer attitudes rather than bank cost structures that determines the changes in distribution channels; they added that virtual banks can only be profitable when the segment that prefers electronic media is approximately twice the size of th e segment preferring street banks. Decrease in percentage of customers visiting banks with an increase in alternative channels of distribution will also minimize the queues in branches (Thornton and White, 2001). Internet banking increases power of the customers to make price comparison across suppliers quickly and easily, which subsequently pushes the price and margins downwards (Devlin, 1995). Although, electronic banking provides many opportunities for the banks, it is also the case that the current banking services provided through Internet are limited due to security concerns, complexity and technological problems (Sathye, 1999: Mols, 1999). Risks associated to electronic banking Although internet provides many opportunities for banks but it is the case that current banking services through internet are limited due to security concerns, complexity and technological problems (Mols, 1999; Sathye, 1999). Hewer and Howcroft (1999) referred the term trust to measure a risk. While, Suganthi et al. (2001) viewed risk in context of security concerns and risk in context of trust in one’s bank. Finally, a number of studies also found trust and perceived risks have a significant positive influence on ommitment (Bhattacherjee, 2002; Mukherjee and Nath, 2003) and ultimately leads towards overall satisfaction (Rexha et al. , 2003). Reputation of a service provider is another important factor affecting trust. Doney and Cannon (1997) defined reputation as the extent to which customers believe a supplier or service provider is honest and concern about its customers. Tyler and Stanley (1999) argued that banks can build close and lo ng-lasting relationship with customers only if trust, commitment, honesty and cooperation are developed between them. Nancy et al. 2001) study found that customers’ complaint about computer logon time which are usually longer than making a telephone call. Further, the respondents felt that they have to check and recheck the forms filled online, as they are worried about making mistakes. Frequent slow response time and delay of service delivery causes customers to be unsure about the completion of a transaction (Jun and Cai, 2001). Min and Galle (1999) found crashes in operating systems and disruption of information access as common factors related to unwillingness to use internet channels for commerce. Liao and Cheung (2002) found that individual expectations regarding accuracy, security, transaction speed, user friendliness, user involvement and convenience are the most important attributes in the perceived usefulness of internet-based e-retail banking. Confidentiality of consumer data is another important concern in adoption of online banking (Gerrad and Cunningham, 2003). Customers fear about someone’s unlimited access to personal financial information. White and Nteli (2004) focused on why the internet usage has not been increased in UK as compared to internet usage for banking purposes? Results found that the customers still have concerns about the security and safety aspects of the internet. Lack of internet accessibility and a provision of documentary evidence for all transactions are found important hurdles in the development of electronic banking in Thailand (Jaruwachirathanakul and Fink, 2005). Laforet and Li (2005) found that habit of carrying cash, less accessibility of internet and documentary proof of financial transaction as important hurdles in adoption, in case of China. Lack of specific laws to govern internet banking is another important concern for users. It covers issues such as unfair and deceptive trade practice by supplier, unauthorized access by hackers. Larpsiri et al. (2002) argued that it is not clear whether electronic documents and records are acceptable as sufficient evidence of transactions. Another issue is the jurisdiction of the courts and dispute resolution procedures in case of using internet for commercial purpose. Dispute can arise from many issues. For instance, websites is not branch of the bank. It is difficult for the court to define location of branch and decide whether they have jurisdiction (Rotchanakitumnuai and Speece, 2003). Other risks associated to electronic banking are job losses, lack of opportunities to socialize and development of lazy society were mentioned by (Black et al. , 2001). Demographic factors Gender alone is not a significant factor, affecting adoption of technology in general (Gefen and Straub, 1997). However, Kolodinsk et al. (2004) found that married couples are more likely to adopt the new technology than either single males or females. Research has also linked age and adoption of technology, as young people are more likely to adopt technology (Lee et al. , 2002). Maturity in population in terms of knowledge, confidence and comfort in computer usage also increase influence towards online banking (Karjaluoto et al. , 2002). Increase in income and education have found positive effects on adoption (Lockett and Littler, 1997; Sarel and Marmorstein, 2003). Mattilia et al. (2003) indicated that young, educated and wealthy consumers are most likely to adopt internet banking in Finland. Mature customers prefer personal service and a printed receipt of their transactions. Mature customers also perceive internet banking to be more costly than paying bills over the counter. Methodology The study was conducted in Lahore city which is the second largest city of Pakistan and represents almost 20% of all branches network. Branches for survey were selected on convenience basis but after the permission of respective branch managers. Survey covered both residential and commercial areas. In this research data is conducted by using questionnaire as a data collection instrument, in which questions were asked starting from their command on computer and internet usage, following with the awareness of electronic banking and its types, about the benefits of e-banking and then some questions regarding their bank services and the security provide by these banks. The questionnaire includes close-ended questions and they were on liker scale of utilizing a five point categorical. IV. EMPIRICAL RESULTS There is â€Å"table † which shows gender wise association with research questions No. Question| Gender| | Total| P – values| | | | Male| Female| | | | | | | | | | | 1| Aware of electronic banking| 196| 200| 396| 0. 011| | 2| Your bank provides electronic banking facility| 190| 195| 385| 0. 000| | | | | | | | | 3| Aware of SMS banking| 196| 195| 391| 0. 036| | | | | | | | | 4| Aware of INTERNET banking| 189| 198| 387| 0. 010| | | | | | | | | 5| Aware of ATM card usag e| 193| 198| 391| 0. 054| | | | | | | | | 6| Aware of PHONE banking| 193| 199| 392| 0. 272| | | | | | | | | 7| Satisfied with the E-banking services provided by| | | | | | | bank| 192| 198| 390| 0. 08| | | | | | | | | 8| Satisfied with the security of E-banking provide by| | | | | | | bank| 191| 195| 386| 0. 068| | | | | | | | | 9| Want to use e-banking facilities in future| 194| 197| 391| 0. 000| | | | | | | | | Table shows the different questions and their association with gender. First question is about awareness of electronic banking. Total respondents who answered this question were 396 in which 196 were male respondents and 200 were female respondents. Its result shows that awareness of electronic banking is dependent on gender. Next question was answered by 385 total respondents from which the amount of male and female were 190 and 195 respectively. Its results show that providing e-banking services by banks were highly dependent on gender. Third one is about awareness of SMS banking which was answered by 196 male and 195 female respondents. Its result shows that awareness of SMS banking is also dependent on gender. Now the next question is about Internet banking awareness which was answered by 189 male respondents and 198 female respondents and its result shows that awareness of internet banking is dependent on gender. Next question is about awareness of ATM card usage. Total 391 respondents answered that question from which the amount of male and female were 193 and 198 respectively. It results shows that awareness of ATM card usage is not dependent on gender. Now there is a question about Phone banking awareness so total 392 respondents answered that question from which 193 were male and 199 were female and its result shows that phone banking awareness is not dependent on gender. Now the seventh question was asked by respondents about their satisfaction about e-banking services providing by their banks and total 390 answered that question and its result shows that satisfaction about e-banking services providing by banks is depends on gender. Now there is second last question which was answered by 191 male and 195 female respondents and its result shows that satisfaction about security of e- banking providing by banks is not depends on gender. Last question is about the using e-banking service in future and its results are highly dependent on gender. | | Aware of electronic banking| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | strongly| | | | | | | | | disagree| disagree| neutral| agree| strongly agree| Total| | Gender| Male| 13| 28| 46| 64| 45| 196| | | | | | | | | | | | Female| 31| 32| 53| 57| 27| 200| | Total| | 44| 60| 99| 121| 72| 396| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Now there is a table which shows the description of the question, â€Å"Aware of electronic banking †. It shows the amount of respondents from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The highest figures of people are agreed about awareness of e-banking. In male respondents 64 were agree which is 33% of total male respondents. Likewise, in female respondents 57 were agreeing about it which is 29% of total females. | | | High| | | Post| | | | No. | Question| Primary| School| Secondary| Graduate| Graduate| Frequency| P-values| | 1| Aware of electronic banking| 8| 7| 10| 195| 164| 384| 0. 000| | | | | | | | | | | | 2| Use debit or credit cards for| | | | | | | | | | online transactions| 8| 6| 8| 191| 163| 376| 0. 008| | | | | | | | | | | | 3| Aware of ATM card usage| 8| 7| 10| 193| 163| 381| 0. 030| | | | | | | | | | | | | Aware of PHONE banking| 8| 7| 10| 194| 161| 380| 0. 155| | | | | | | | | | | | 5| Feel risk about hacking of| | | | | | | | | | passwords| 8| 7| 10| 192| 161| 378| 0. 555| | | | | | | | | | | | 6| Satisfied with the E-banking| | | | | | | | | | services provide by bank| 8| 7| 9| 191| 163| 378| 0. 269| | | | | | | | | | | | | More trust on the bank| | | | | | | | | 7| employees with communication| | | | | | | | | | tha n E-banking| 8| 7| 10| 191| 163| 379| 0. 680| | 8| Want to use e-banking facilities| | | | | | | | | | in future| 8| 7| 9| 192| 163| 379| 0. 69| | | | | | | | | | | | In this table there is a demographic of education whose relationship with research questions is given in above table. No. | | | | | | | | | Age| | | | | | | | Question| | | Below| 20 -| 30 -| 40 -| 50 -| Above| Frequency| P-values| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 19| 29| 39| | 49| 59| 60| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1| Have full command on computer| | 91| 241| 30| | 16| 10| 3| 391| 0. 034| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2| Involved in banking transactions| | 91| 239| 30| | 14| 14| 3| 391| 0| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Awareness of usefulness of| | | | | | | | | | | | | electronic banking| | | | 91| 238| 30| | 16| 14| 3| 392| 0. 004| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4| Your Banks provides online technical| | | | | | | | | | | | assistance or 24 helpline| | 88| 240| 30| | 16| 14| 3| 391| 0. 002| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5| Use debit or credit cards for online| | | | | | | | | | | | transactions| | | | 90| 237| 30| | 16| 14| 3| 390| 0| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6| Aware of INTERNET banking| | 91| 238| 29| | 14| 14| 3| 389| 0. 443| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Aware of PHONE banking| | 91| 240| 30| | 16| 14| 3| 394| 0. 105| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8| It provides| easy| way| to monitor| a| | | | | | | | | | | | account| | | | | 91| 242| 30| | 16| 14| 3| 396| 0. 019| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9| Feel risk about hacking of passwords| 91| 239| 30| | 16| 13| 3| 392| 0. 089| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 10| Have easy access to ATM machine| | 88| 240| 30| | 16| 13| 3| 390| 0| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 11| Satisfied| with| the| E-banking| | | | | | | | | | | | services provide by bank| | 90| 240| 30| | 16| 13| 3| 392| 0. 47| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 12| Satisfied| with| the| security| of| | | | | | | | | | | | E-banking provide by bank| | 89| 239| 28| | 16| 13| 3| 388 | 0. 004| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 13| More trust on the bank employees| | | | | | | | | | | | with communication than E-banking| 90| 241| 30| | 16| 13| 3| 393| 0. 036| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Above table shows the relationship of research questions with age. In first question it is asked about command on computer. This question was answered by total 391 respondents from which from which 91 respondents had age less than 19. How to cite Awareness and Adoption of E Banking in Pakistan, Papers

Eng 10 free essay sample

Although some grammar and mechanics may need to be reviewed in class, students will be encouraged to review grammar and mechanics independently and to use the handbook as a tool to correct their own writing.Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to: 1. Continue to demonstrate an understanding of the composition process: thinking, prewriting, writing, revising, editing, and proofreading. 2. Demonstrate proficiency in the process and conventions of research, 3. Demonstrate an ability to think critically and write analytically. 4. Demonstrate an awareness of language, an understanding of its precise diction, sentence variety, connotation, and abstract/concrete words. 5. Show skill as a critical reader. 6. Be able to state and support the theme of a literary work. 7. Be able to describe the work’s tone. 8. Be able to explain fictional character motivation. 9. Be able to identify essential elements that contribute to a work’s effectiveness. 10. Be able to understand and discuss syntax and style. We will write a custom essay sample on Eng 10 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 11. Gain independence as a writer, assuming responsibility for determining a suitable topic and choosing the proper voice, writing style, and rhetorical strategies for that paper. Class discussions *Group and collaborative work *Graphic organizers *Textbook and review of professional writings and literature *Portfolios *Journals *Practice writings *Lectures *Various and sundry activities designed to facilitate the reading and writing process. You may contact me at any time via the college’s e-mail system. My e-mail address is: [emailprotected] edu. Please use the regular STARS e-mail system. Please do not use the Blackboard portal e-mail. I try to arrive on campus at least 30 minutes before class starts, so if you need to communicate I am available then.

A Separate Peace and the Madness of Jealousy Similarities free essay sample

The madness of Jealousy Shakespearean quote never waste Jealousy on a real man: It Is the Imaginary man that supplements us all In the long run relates to A Separate peace because it relates to Genes Jealousy towards Finny. Finny was an athletic person that won a lot of trophies and competed in many events but also wanted to be smart like gene but never wanted to show that Jealousy unlike Gene who is the smart, normal person and a typical teenager at Devon, but his jealousy over finny overlaps his mind and he even pushes finny out of tree and ends his athletic career.Gene and Finny symbolize something. Gene symbolizes war although Finny symbolizes peace and preferences. The Jealousy of a man can cause him to do some tragic things. Jealousy is a strong word that means the resentment against another success and it is used by Gene, who is a smart, typical teenager at Devon, and his Jealousy for Fannys athletic abilities that helped him earn a lot of trophies and his popularity. We will write a custom essay sample on A Separate Peace and the Madness of Jealousy: Similarities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though they both may be the best of friends and make a good team their reminders keeps decreasing because of the lack of Genes trust that Gene carries.Genes Jealousy for Finny keeps expanding and clouding his Judgment because he thinks that Finny Is trying to sabotage his academic career. Also Genes dark cloud of jealousy was unable to touch Fannys cloud of preferences and of his shinning bright light. Even though he knows Finny is not Jealous of his academics but instead admires them but Genes expansion of Jealousy causes his mind to reach its boiling point which causes him to push finny out of a tree and end his athletic career and his rarer In the army like the quote says, Gene deliberately knocks Finny out of a tree. Even after this Incident the two of them were still friends for some time. Another Jealousy is Leper Leveler. Leper Leveler, a classmate of Gene and Fannys and a mild gentle boy from Vermont who adores nature and engages in peaceful outdoor oriented hobbies, is Jealous of finny for being Genes best friends. He feels he should be Genes best friend and is Jealous of Phonies. The Jealousy of a man can cause him to do some terrible things.Shakespearean tote never waste Jealousy on a real man: It Is the Imaginary man that supplements us all In the long run relates to A Separate peace because It relates to Genes jealousy towards Finny. Finny was an athletic person that won a lot of trophies and competed in many events but also wanted to be smart like gene but never wanted to show that Jealousy unlike Gene who is the smart, normal person and a typical teenager at Devon, but his Jealousy over finny overlaps his mind and he even pushes finny out of tree and ends his athletic career.Gene and Finny symbolize something. Gene symbolizes war although Finny symbolizes peace and preferences. Jealousy Is a Gene, who is a smart, typical teenager at Devon, and his Jealousy for Fannys athletic abilities that helped him earn a lot of trophies and his popularity. Even though they both may be the best of friends and make a good team their friendship keeps decreasing because of the lack of Genes trust that Gene carries. Genes Jealousy for Finny keeps expanding and clouding his Judgment because he thinks that Finny is ring to sabotage his academic career.Also Genes dark cloud of Jealousy was unable to touch Fannys cloud of preferences and of his shinning bright light. Even though he knows Finny is not Jealous of his academics but instead admires them but Genes expansion of Jealousy causes his mind to reach its boiling point which causes him to push finny out of a tree and end his athletic career and his career in the army. Even after this incident the two of them were still friends for some time.

Free Essays on Stress In The Workplace

The Random House College Dictionary defines stress as, â€Å"physical, mental, or emotional strain or tension† (p.1300). Stress is something that we all experience in our lives, more often than not. Stress can be caused by many factors, including poor diet, lack of sleep, rigorous schedules, etc. For many, stress is an everyday part of their job, and can greatly affect their physical and psychological health. For this paper, I plan to describe, in depth, the stresses that many endure in their workplace, including where stress comes from, why stress occurs, what the cause of stress is, and how you can manage and control stress. There are many sources of stress in the work environment. â€Å"A great deal of worker stress is caused by stressors in the environment of the work organization† (Riggio, 2000, p.250). These stressors include job insecurity, excessive competition, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, unpleasant or uncomfortable working conditions, work overload, underutilization, job ambiguity, lack of control and support, long or unusual working hours, as well as income level. Physical sources including lack of sleep, health status, poor diet, as well as drug and alcohol use can contribute to the amount and degree of stress a person experiences on the job. â€Å"While a great deal of stress is created by factors in the organization or by features of jobs and work tasks, some is caused by characteristics of the workers themselves† (Riggio, 2000, p.254). There are two types of behavior patterns that are associated with individual sources of work stress. They have been defined as Type A behavior pattern and susceptibility to stress and to stress effects. Type A behavior pattern is characterized by excessive drive and competitiveness, a sense of urgency and impatience, and underlying hostility (Riggio, 2000). This type of person is otherwise known as a â€Å"workaholic.† People who possess Type A behavior patte... Free Essays on Stress In The Workplace Free Essays on Stress In The Workplace The Random House College Dictionary defines stress as, â€Å"physical, mental, or emotional strain or tension† (p.1300). Stress is something that we all experience in our lives, more often than not. Stress can be caused by many factors, including poor diet, lack of sleep, rigorous schedules, etc. For many, stress is an everyday part of their job, and can greatly affect their physical and psychological health. For this paper, I plan to describe, in depth, the stresses that many endure in their workplace, including where stress comes from, why stress occurs, what the cause of stress is, and how you can manage and control stress. There are many sources of stress in the work environment. â€Å"A great deal of worker stress is caused by stressors in the environment of the work organization† (Riggio, 2000, p.250). These stressors include job insecurity, excessive competition, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, unpleasant or uncomfortable working conditions, work overload, underutilization, job ambiguity, lack of control and support, long or unusual working hours, as well as income level. Physical sources including lack of sleep, health status, poor diet, as well as drug and alcohol use can contribute to the amount and degree of stress a person experiences on the job. â€Å"While a great deal of stress is created by factors in the organization or by features of jobs and work tasks, some is caused by characteristics of the workers themselves† (Riggio, 2000, p.254). There are two types of behavior patterns that are associated with individual sources of work stress. They have been defined as Type A behavior pattern and susceptibility to stress and to stress effects. Type A behavior pattern is characterized by excessive drive and competitiveness, a sense of urgency and impatience, and underlying hostility (Riggio, 2000). This type of person is otherwise known as a â€Å"workaholic.† People who possess Type A behavior patte...

Critique of Selected Epidemiological Research Article Paper - 1

Critique of Selected Epidemiological Article - Research Paper Example The study reports a hypothesis that the visits that are undertaken for the older age in the cardiovascular study is related to main demographic, lifestyle, health and function participant traits and that the oldest age would have the poorest retention for in-person visits, particularly clinic visits. The hypothesis of the study is directional as it has taken a stand on the subject matter which is yet to be determined. However, it is a complex one since the measurement methods would not be easy in terms of tool applications. It also requires the application of more than one tool for its determination. It was tested using the face to face interviews, phone interviews, as well as personal visits. This was also done through sampling from Medicare eligibility lists, non-institutionalized, ambulatory men and women aged 65 and above. During the study, men and women of age 65 and older got enrolled including the 5201 at 4 US field centers. These formed a mean enrollment age of 73 years with a range of 65-100 forming 58%, 16 % being black. The first phase took place in 1989 to 1990 with the addition of 687 African-American participants in the year 1992 to 93. The participants were taken through an extensive baseline evaluation. This included the laboratory assessments, physical and cognitive functioning and medical history. All these components were repeated at the annual clinic visits through 1998 to 1999. The total population of the study of surviving participants throughout the time was, N=43,772. By the year 2005-06, the entire population was re-recruited in order to reevaluate physical and cognitive functioning and reassess functional status. In this case, the median age was 85 while the range was 77-102 of which 67% were women, and 17% were black (Strotmeyer, et al., 2010). The study in this case was quasi-experimental since it involved the determination of the

Team motivation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Team motivation - Case Study Example For any organisation to be productive, it needs to motivate its employees towards its goals so that it achieves its business objectives. Motivation for the employees can be internal or external. While external motivation is an incentive provided by another person, internal motivation is offered by the environment and achievement of the task. But just as the individuals are unique, motives are unique as well. They are individualistic, they evolve with the times and change and are hierarchical as well. What works for one person may not work for another person. Therefore finding the right motivating factor is a challenge by itself. It is a continuous process. The various theories have tried to analyse how exactly motivation works, and have added a lot of research and valuable knowledge that can applied to a current situation to arrive at a solution that best suits the current needs under the operational constraints. There is no universal theory that can be applied to all the situations and offer a universal solution. Fredrick Herzberg tried to understand the factors associated with job satisfaction which motivated or demotivated people to perform a task. These factors, called Motivators, if present caused Job satisfaction. Motivators usually included nature of task, responsibility, promotion, recognition awards and a sense of achievement. The absence of these motivators signalled lack of satisfaction according to Herzberg. He also found that another set of factors, when absent, caused Job Dissatisfaction. However the presence of these factors did not cause Job Satisfaction. The presence of these factors called Hygiene Factors meant that the people were not dissatisfied, but neither were they satisfied. Hygiene factors included company policies, supervision, low rewards, substandard working conditions and poor relationship in the workplace. "Turning past de-motivators within your organization into future motivators for employees and aligning them to the objectives of the company will ensure both succeed". (Source:

A PC Repair Business Proposal

A PC Repair Business Proposal With PC Repair, computer and technical consulting services such as repairs, training, networking and upgrade services are offered to small local businesses and home PC users. For a company like ours to maintain their customer relations, our company will focus on marketing, responsiveness and improve quality of the services to our customers. At present our PC Repair will be a partnership, but after about one year it will migrate to a Limited Liability Company in January 2013. Our PC Repair business at its early stage will start at a rented office, utilizing one studio room in the rented premises and serving customers in the local Louth area and beyond. In the fourth month of our plan, we will move into a leased office environment and employ a second computer technician. With increase in sales, we will equally employ additional personnel. Your companys goals. Our primary customers will be small business PC users and the residential PC users. Our short and long term goals of our business is to: The goal of our business is to create standard for on-site computer solutions through fast, on-site service, quick response time and easy turn around. To provide the best service available to the people in the community at an affordable price. To generate customer satisfaction so that at least 40% of our customer base is repeat business. To generate considerable market share so that PC Repair is a common name. Constant growth in sales from start up through year three we will repay our loan and beyond. Provide our employees with adequate training; make the place of work a conducive and great place to work, fair pay and benefits, and incentives to use their own good judgement to solve customers problems Explain in a few paragraphs your short- and long-term goals for the company. How fast do you think it will grow? Who will be your primary customers? 3. The service or product planned to offer. We will be offering computer repairs, training, and networking and upgrade service to our customers in two main distinct categories namely home PC users and small business users. As our PC Repair business starts to grow with increase in customers demands as well grows, we will start to provide software development to our business customers. From the very first day of our business inception, we will start offering our customers with on-site repair and consulting services. This service will alleviate our customers with the problem of taking time out of their busy days bring a computer in to our workshop. The issue of bring a computer to workshop for repair is one of the biggest disturbances among small business owners needing computer help. It will be easy for us to offer on-site repair because most of our diagnostic equipment is portable. We can only remove a PC from our customer premises to our workshop only when the problem requires a more detailed diagnosis or repair. We will as well be providing our customers with free pick-up and delivery of PCs that is requiring repair. In the fourth month of our business, we will purchase a company van in order to meet up with the challenges associated with our services. With our PC Repair business we will be providing our customers with an extended maintenance agreement. In this regard, our business customers can deal with technical support and repair needs or requirements as a single line-item expense, instead having to plan for unexpected failures and problems with (security funds) a rainy-day fund they may never use. Maintenance agreements will provide a high gross margin for our business, and provide our customers with peace of mind. We will concentrate on hardware and networking support while offering a limited software support installation and compatibility issues. The reason is that software development is much more rapid than hardware does, and our customers will have such varied software needs that we may not possibly keep up with all of them. We will then advice our customers to register their software and use the support of the software vendors options. We will, however, keep up to date with multiple operating systems and networking developments. We will be working with our business customers to ensure that they have the compactable hardware, Operating Systems, networking devices, backup systems, and software. Backup and security will be our top priority for our potential customers, as the rate of internet usage has becomes more common, and as well as more and more daily business records and transactions are stored electronically. 4. The market potential for your service or product. The computing industry nature, with its rapid technological growth rate, creates a concern for the need for businesses skills been up-to-date and providing advice to customers on computer-related issues. Small business PC users and home PC users will provide the majority of our business income. Business Week expects the computing industry to grow at a rate of 12% and the processor speeds to continue to expand for years to come, providing a rich resource for sales [1] With our PC Repair business we will focus majorly on the small business market, because these customers usually dont have full-time IT personnel, but they have the needs for fulltime IT. Our PC Repair business will offer these customers with affordable on-demand services. We can also offer maintenance agreements that generate extra monthly income to our business. In respect of our residential customers, we will provide them an affordable, helpful and flexible schedule service to fit with their needs. Our target market will focus on having competitive advantage over PC World and its likes in surrounding areas. Market research shows there are loads of business for a small company such as ours PC Repair. 5. A marketing strategy. We will exploit the weakness of our competitors in our market strategy. We will run a reasonable number of advertisements on the local news papers business page, local radio stations and the local television houses and post some bills. This will happen in the starting phase of our business. Our advertisements will focus on our advantages, such as on-site service, competitive rates, and quick response time to faults and turn-around times. In the advertisement, our opening date will be made known to the public, and a free diagnostic service will be give for the first 30 customers. We will maintain these opening advertisements with a smaller direct-marketing drive to some small business owners within and around the county, with lists drawn from the local Chamber of Commerce. For the first year that we are in business, we will not relent on advertising our business periodically and offering promotions such as discounts, free diagnosis etc. We will be running monthly advertisements in sections rather than the business one so that we will have steady response from home PC owners from different areas that saw our advertisements. In order to attract more customers, we will make a promotion for three months for example, Spyware removal on a desktop PC for â‚ ¬50 including tax and software. This offer will draw the attention of customers because spy is a menace for small business PC users and many home PC users 6. A three- to five-year financial projection. To get our PC Repair business started, we must provide cash and assets. We are also seeking a short-term loan, to be secured with the owners home equity, and repaid within three years [1]. In the first three months our financial plan calls for limited growth, followed by much higher sales when we will be hiring additional technicians. Our projections are relied on market research and ratios that is compared to similar businesses. We will try to cut down our operational expense as we grow, and maintain a positive cash balance as we repay our three-year loan. For us to achieve these goals, we will employ a vigorous advertising campaign or drive to exploit our competitors weaknesses. Using good cost control, we will see a modest, yet comfortable, net profit the first year, even after moving into a leased space and recruit new employee. 7. An exit strategy. All good business plans include a section that lays out the benchmarks youll use in deciding to call it quits. The strategy could be based on a Euro figure, revenue growth, the markets reception to your idea, or a consensus among top officers.

Jane Eyre in the Opening 3 Chapters Essay

Charlotte Bronte is the author of the novel Jane Eyre about an orphaned girl struggling throughout the novel to achieve equality and to overcome oppression. In the opening 3 chapters, Bronte emphasizes Jane’s loneliness, lack of familial affection and emphasizes her sensitive nature and inner strength. As we witness Jane being punished and neglected at the hands of her unfeeling aunts and left feeling isolated and out of place in her society. Firstly, we are introduced to Jane, hiding reading a book. This establishes her odd and lonely place at Gateshead hall. As not only is she separated from the rest of the reed family but Bronte explains that she is ‘happy’ and ‘feared nothing except interruption’. To feel safe and content only from being excluded from her family signifies jane’s neglected and troubled childhood. This is indicated as a child should want to be surrounded by family and love. for Jane to be living in ‘despair’ by the sense of this seclusion to be ‘obstructed’ implies her inner strength of independence as she’s willing to find a book and read educating herself instead of moping and giving up. And she’s joyful when emphasises her independence and drive to find a book and read rather than mope. ane sitting and reading by herself, not allowed to play with her cousins, establishes her odd and lonely position at Gateshead Hall. Yet her willingness to find a book to read, rather than just moping, establishes her independence.

The Chronicles of Deforestation Essay Topics

The Chronicles of Deforestation Essay Topics Human activities are resulting in deforestation at an extremely rapid speed. However, it is tough to make sure that the area which is replanted is equivalent to the region that is logged, and even harder to be certain that no environmental impacts or losses in biodiversity are incurred in the procedure. Claim that deforestation is among the key things that leads to the greenhouse effect and thus the rise of the typical temperature on Earth and support your argument by offering the scientific evidence. There are lots of causes of the deforestation like wood extraction on account of the increasing human population and industrial interests of individuals. Lies You've Been Told About Deforestation Essay Topics There's, clearly, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Choosing our service, you will realize that studying can be simple if you gain from the aid of competent experts. The essay isn't the simplest task to master. To begin writing your assignment you would want to encounter an interesting and promising topic. Most Noticeable Deforestation Essay Topics In a nutshell, write the manner in which you speak, utilizing a conversational tone. At the current rates of exploitation, there's absolutely no way for the environment to recoup in good time and save it for our upcoming generation. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you wind up getting a great grade. Grab a cup of coffee and a number of books associated with your topic. You could also get in touch with your writer to supply some additional recommendations or request information regarding the order's progress. Despite the fact that you pay for homework, we provide those options at no cost. Really, for almost all of us it doesn't really matter in addition to the standard and services information p rovided via the webhost is a good deal more important. The revisions are unquestionably free! What You Must Know About Deforestation Essay Topics The government must practice population control in order to not burden forests to fit the ever-increasing needs. For example, countries build roads and railway expansion into remote regions to enhance overland transportation of products. The more demand there'll be the more supply will occur. Also there's demand for affordable livestock feed. Deforestation Essay Topics Explained You will figure out how to catch the reader's attention only as long as you're original. After that, learn what things to look closely at when writing it following the structure. When you get your completed essay, be sure that you tell all your friends what a fantastic service it is and what's the ideal place to obtain cheap essays. Nowadays it is quite hard to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. The Dirty Facts About Deforestation Essay Topics I f you wish to be certain your paper is going to be evaluated high, find out more about the job structure you should follow. It's not easy on account of the simple fact that a substantial number of papers on the identical topic have already been written. After you inform us about all of the paper information, we'll begin searching for an acceptable writer for your paper. Don't waste paper so there'll be lesser cutting of trees. Deforestation Essay Topics - What Is It? Moreover, the falling of trees can result in wildlife extinction. Take some time to take into consideration the future lives of your descendants and family, and think of what would occur if there was a substantial absence of forests. Forests cover a lot of the planet's land area. The importance of forests for people. Exploding human population requires more land to reside and harvesting so they will need to lower the forests. As an example, the first evidence of animal and plant extinction brought on by deforestation dates backs some 4000 decades ago. In reality, people may realize the deforestation was very bad for our earth. Additional deforestation impacts the Earth in a great deal of ways. Deforestation Essay Topics Totally free Deforestation essay samples are offered on FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. With FreeEssayHelp you'll find hundreds of Deforestation essay topics in a matter of many seconds. Read books and utilize Internet resources where the findings on an identical topic are readily available. It isn't surprising it has come to be among the most regularly chosen topics for academic papers. Rumors, Deception and Deforestation Essay Topics Forests are the very best medium to use the CO2 gas from the environment along with remove different pollutants from the a tmosphere and therefore keep the freshness of the surroundings. Deforestation isn't just bad for the wellness of the rainforest, but its also harmful to the wellness of earth. It occurs in rainforest every day, destroying 80 acres every minute. It is the permanent destruction of the forests in order to enhance sources for life and use of woods. Deforestation Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! Whenever you choose to ask us for skilled guidance, don't hesitate to get in touch with our support managers. As earlier mentioned, agricultural activities are among the big explanations. There ought to be some strict rules and regulations by the government of the nation which everyone must follow to examine deforestation. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. The Dirty Facts About Deforestation Essay Topics Deforestation is a huge problem in India in addition to other nations. First of all, it is regarded as a major contributor to climate chan ge. As a result, it can affect a lot on nature. Folks are being educated that how deforestation results in environmental and financial hardships. It'll be clearer if we understand the effect of deforestation and make attempts to stop it. Likewise soil erosion will be an additional effect of deforestation. It is imperative to seek out the causes why this problem arose and how to take care of it now. Using NFL jerseys is quite common. With personalized jerseys of the NFL, you are certain that you've got the ideal design. Locating a cheap NFL jersey has been a daunting undertaking for a number of the hardcore fans despite the team they support for. If you are only prone to create a normal site then either Linux or Home home windows will likely be fine.

Bullying, Harassment, And Humiliation Essay - 1153 Words

Bullying, Harassment, and humiliation might not be the first words that pop into your head when you think of fun or entertainment. Surprisingly enough, the actions of our society speak differently. Using humiliation as a way of entertainment can be seen in countless ways in our society including social media and television. Everyone is on some type of social media whether is be Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, or Snapchat. Our investment in media makes harassment easy because mass amounts of people can be targeted or watch others be humiliated. According to the DoSomething Campaign, nearly 70% of people have reported seeing some sort of harassment online (DoSomething). By humiliating others we are able to increase our own self worth because we base our self esteem on others. You might think you are not guilty of being involved in watching the humiliation of others for entertainment, but even by watching reality tv society engages in this trend. The popular show The Biggest Loser is a re flection of this trend in reality television by using public humiliation of its contestants to create entertainment and the audience enjoys this humiliation because it increases their self esteem. The purpose of reality television is to be entertaining, but to do this producers tend to publicly shame and humiliate their participants. Since 2004 The Biggest Loser has captivated millions of viewers from around the world. The show pits obese contestants against one another in a race to see whoShow MoreRelatedBullying : A Victim Of Harassment And Humiliation1922 Words   |  8 PagesEvery day, someone somewhere is a victim of harassment and humiliation. Bullying has become such a growing epidemic in today’s society that it has become a pervasive health concern. There are more and more students being victimized and strained by other peers each day. Almost one in every four students reports being bullied throughout their school year. 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